Virginia woolfs vision Essay Example For Students

Virginia woolfs vision Essay Almost sixty-five years have lapsed sinee Virginia Woolf spoke at Newnham and Girton colleges on the subjectof women and fiction. Her remarkable words are preserved for future generations of women in A Room of OnesOwn. This essay is the first manifesto of the modern feminist movement (Samuelson), and has been called anotable preamble to a kind of feminine Declaration of Independence (Muller 34). Woolf writes that her modestgoal for this ground-breaking essay is to encourage the young womenthey seem to get fearfully depressed(qtd. in Gordon xiv). This treatise on the history of womens writings, reasons for the scarcity of great womenartists, and suggestions for future literary creators and creations accomplishes far more than simple inspiration andmotivation for young writers. Woolf questions the effect . . . poverty has on fiction and the conditions . . . We will write a custom essay on Virginia woolfs vision specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now necessary for the creation of works of art (25), and she persuasively argues that economics are as important astalent and inspiration in the creative process. She emphatically states and, with brilliant fiction, supports herthesis that every woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction (4). Woolfs witty andbeautifully crafted essay has a practical message for aspiring women writers: as pioneers in the virtuallyunexplored frontier of womens literature, and to create timeless, powerful works of art, they must forsake theestablished mores of masculine creativity and forge their own traditions and styles. Woolf introduces this new literary tradition through the structure of her lecture. Rather than follow thetraditional format established through centuries of male lecturing, she transforms the formidable lecture formfemale equals (Marcus, Still 79). She preserves this intimacy in the written essay as well. Woolfs nephew andbiographer, Quentin Bell, writes that in A Room of Ones Own one hears Virginia speaking . . . . she gets veryclose to her conversational style (144). Rather than submit her audience to the usual dictation of the expert tothe ignorant (Marcus, Virginia 145), Woolf involves her audience in her quest for answers. She advises them thatshe plans to make use of all the liberties and licenses of a novelist, that her fiction is likely to contain moretruth than fact, and that they must seek out this truth and . . . decide whether any part of it is worth keeping(4-5). She does not disclose the truth as she sees it; rather, she requires the audience to participate in thedrama of asking questions and searching for Woolfs creative departure from established lecture style delightfullyforeshadows her intent to generate entirely new feminine traditions and searching for answers (Marcus, VirginiaWoolf encourages women to personally participate and identify with her ideas. She creates a fictitious narratorthrough which she chronicles her thoughts and discoveries as she researches the topic of women and fiction, I isonly a convenient term for somebody who has no real being . . . call me Mary Beton, Mary Seton, MaryCarmichael or by any name you pleaseit is not a matter of any importance (4-5). Ellen Rosenman writes that bydenying a real existence, the narrator associates herself with anonymity, and that if we turn this statementaround . . . she is Everywoman (160-61). By choosing these particular historical names to represent anyone and everyone who joins the quest for truth, including herself, Woolf accounts for much of the irony of her story andmuch of the forc e of her essay (Jones 228). Through her clever use of fiction, Woolf shrewdly removes herselffrom the position of authority, enhances audience identification with her narrator, and invites women to join hersearch for the true nature of women and the true nature of fiction (4). .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4 , .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4 .postImageUrl , .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4 , .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4:hover , .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4:visited , .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4:active { border:0!important; } .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4:active , .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4 .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Area 51 EssayWoolfs narrator, Mary, begins the quest for the pure fluid, the essential oil of truth (25) in the BritishMuseum, the very bastions of male literary tradition. Rosenman suggests that Woolf is laying the foundation of afemale tradition by allowing Mary to travel through a series of alien rooms, including the British Museum andthe common sitting room, to a room of her own (157). Marys stupefaction, wonder and bewilderment (Woolf26) at the plethora of contradictory, inaccurate, oven trivial volumes about women by men whose onlyqualification is that they are not wmen (27) awakens the reader to this travesty without directly revealing Woolfspersonal feelings of

Free Essays on The History Of The Internet And World Wide Web

The History of the Internet and World Wide Web Since its introduction to the mainstream in the early 1990’s, the Internet has grown at an astronomical pace. A few years ago, it was a relatively small network used mainly by computer engineers, the government, and the educational community. Since then, it has blossomed into a global communications infrastructure which anyone from a housewife in the U.S. to a 7-year old in Africa uses on a regular basis. In parallel with it, media and culture surrounding the Internet has experienced rmous expansion to the state of ubiquity. With this permeation into our society and the corresponding media coverage, one would expect to find that people have at least basic knowledge of its history and the workings behind it. However, as with other modern utilities, most individuals are content to merely use it without an understanding of its background. This is acceptable for the common person, but those who are involved with computers to a considerable extent should consider it important to be familiar with the Internet’s structure and origins. Beginnings: Packet Switching and ARPANET After the end of World War II, tensions over territorial rights, the disintegration of wartime allies, war reparations, and the introduction of the atomic bomb were all threatening the peace that had juhen they became atomically armed, a struggle between America and the USSR to improve on these weapons of mass destruction began, which became known later as the Cold War. On October 4, 1957, the world was shocked by the launching of the world’s first satellite, Sputnik 1, by the USSR. America had expected to be first in space, and quickly found its image as a technology superpower and perceived lead in the arms race tarnished. The introduction of intercontinental ballistic missiles,e New York Times: "The same Soviet rocket that sent a satellite into orbit Friday can deliver an ICBM warhead on New York... Free Essays on The History Of The Internet And World Wide Web Free Essays on The History Of The Internet And World Wide Web The History of the Internet and World Wide Web Since its introduction to the mainstream in the early 1990’s, the Internet has grown at an astronomical pace. A few years ago, it was a relatively small network used mainly by computer engineers, the government, and the educational community. Since then, it has blossomed into a global communications infrastructure which anyone from a housewife in the U.S. to a 7-year old in Africa uses on a regular basis. In parallel with it, media and culture surrounding the Internet has experienced rmous expansion to the state of ubiquity. With this permeation into our society and the corresponding media coverage, one would expect to find that people have at least basic knowledge of its history and the workings behind it. However, as with other modern utilities, most individuals are content to merely use it without an understanding of its background. This is acceptable for the common person, but those who are involved with computers to a considerable extent should consider it important to be familiar with the Internet’s structure and origins. Beginnings: Packet Switching and ARPANET After the end of World War II, tensions over territorial rights, the disintegration of wartime allies, war reparations, and the introduction of the atomic bomb were all threatening the peace that had juhen they became atomically armed, a struggle between America and the USSR to improve on these weapons of mass destruction began, which became known later as the Cold War. On October 4, 1957, the world was shocked by the launching of the world’s first satellite, Sputnik 1, by the USSR. America had expected to be first in space, and quickly found its image as a technology superpower and perceived lead in the arms race tarnished. The introduction of intercontinental ballistic missiles,e New York Times: "The same Soviet rocket that sent a satellite into orbit Friday can deliver an ICBM warhead on New York...

How to Fill Out a Genealogy Pedigree Chart

How to Fill Out a Genealogy Pedigree Chart The two most basic forms used by genealogists to record ancestral information are the pedigree chart and the family group sheet. They help you keep track of what you find on your family in a standard, easy-to-read format - recognized by genealogists around the world. Even if you use your computer to enter information, almost all genealogy software programs will print out or display the information in these standard formats. Pedigree Chart The chart most people begin with is a pedigree chart. This chart begins with you and branches back in time, displaying the line of your direct ancestors. Most pedigree charts cover four generations, including space to include names plus dates and places of birth, marriage, and death for each individual. Larger pedigree charts, sometimes referred to as ancestral charts, are also available with room for more generations, but these are used less often as they generally are larger than the standard 8 1/2 x 11 format. The standard pedigree chart always begins with you, or the individual whose ancestry you are tracing, on the first line - number 1 on the chart. Information on your father (or ancestor #1s father) is entered as number 2 on the chart, while your mother is number 3. The male line follows the upper track, while the female line follows the bottom track. As in an ahnentafel chart, men are assigned even numbers, and the numbers for women are odd. After youve traced your family tree back more than 4 generations, you will need to create additional pedigree charts for each of the individuals included in the fourth generation on your first chart. Each individual will become ancestor #1 on a new chart, with a reference to their number on the original chart so you can easily follow the family through the generations. Each new chart you create will also be given its own individual number (chart #2, chart #3, etc.). For example, your fathers fathers father will be ancestor #8 on the original chart. As you follow his particular family line further back in history, you will need to create a new chart (chart #2), listing him in the #1 position. To make it easy to follow the family from chart to chart you record the numbers of the continuation charts next to each individual in the fourth generation on your original chart. On each new chart you will also include a note referring back to the original chart (Person #1 on this chart is the same as Person #___ on Chart #___). Family Group Sheet The other commonly used form encountered in genealogy is the  family group sheet. Focusing on the family unit, rather than ancestors, the family group sheet includes space for a couple and their children, along with fields to record birth, death, marriage and  burial places  for each. Many family group sheets also include a line to record the name of each childs spouse, as well as a section for comments and source citations. Family Group sheets are an important genealogy tool because they allow room to include information on the children of your ancestors, along with their spouses. These collateral lines often prove important when tracing your  family tree, providing another source of information on your ancestors. When you have difficulty locating a birth record for your own ancestor, for example, you may be able to learn the names of his parents through the birth record of his brother. Family group sheets and pedigree charts work hand in hand. For each marriage included on your Pedigree Chart, you will also complete a Family Group Sheet. The pedigree chart provides an easy at-a-glance look at your family tree, while the family group sheet provides additional details on each generation.

Sport coaching Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sport coaching - Essay Example By considering athletics as the multi-skill sport, the key target audience will be young sportspersons within the age group of 12 to 25 years. Development of psychology and discipline as a part of sport coaching would be the key result areas for the coaches with regard to this group of athletes. The relevance of the coaching sessions and its importance will be evaluated through the essay. Coaching is an important aspect in the field of sports as it assists the athletes in developing their skills and leading a disciplined life. Quality coaching aids in enhancing the safety, health and self-esteem of the sports person. It promotes fair play, social unity among the players, teamwork and assists in developing a quality life with enjoyment (The National Coaching Foundation, 2008). The process of coaching includes three major elements i.e. planning, conducting and evaluating. The planning is to develop a proper training schedule to assist the athletes belonging to the age group of 12-25 years in achieving their goals. Conducting refers to the applicability of the training sessions as planned prior by the coach. Evaluation of coaching refers to determining the progress of the athletes in the games of athletics which is a multi-skilled sport discipline (BrianMac Sports Coach, 2014). The Long Term Athlete Development (LTAD) model is a part of the coaching regiment for the phy sical development of the athlete with regard to the sports such as track and field, long jump and high jump. LTAD model facilitates in the development of proper physical activity, balance, coordination and agility of the athletes which in turn will aid to channel the energy of the athletes in the right direction (SCCU, 2011). Warm Up is a significant part for the athletes at the beginning of the session as it will help them in gaining the rhythm along with energising them for the training. Warm up signifies

Human Resource Management in its Environment Essay

Human Resource Management in its Environment - Essay Example It is being growing realized that the work force should no longer be seen as a liability but as a key resource that needs to be carefully nurtured and constantly developed. The last two decades saw major shifts in people management approaches and practices. The HRM of the 1980" was reactive in nature and performed staff function only. Later on, it becomes a strategic function and plays an integrated role in the company's goals and planning. People are seen as an important investment. HR is considered as a key player in achieving competitive advantage. Personal, Industrial Relations, Human Relations, HRM or what ever is the preferred moniker for the function of managing people in organizations, has existed for well over a century (Wright et al. 2005). HRM, its concepts definition, study and application have developed over the years through many approaches. Understanding models in Human Resource Management (HRM) is essential for any human resource practitioner for three reasons. Firstl y it provides a Macro perspective of HRM proactive in overall organizational setup. Secondly, the unity and diversity of these models serve as initial inputs in drafting tailor made HRM model for organizations. Thirdly, these models offer answers to quite a few dilemmas that practitioner encounter in their mission to pursuer an organizationally dove tailed and business aligned human resource function. The focus of HRM is on keeping the optimal quantity and quality of people needed to achieve the objective of the organization. HRM first emerge as a concept in the mid-1980 when American researchers produced two models. Boxall (2003) addressed them as the Michigan model and the Harvard framework. The Michigan model by Fombrun et al. (1984) asserted that HRM system and the organizational structure should be managed in a way that is congruent with organizational strategy an d that the strategic HR concept and tools needed are fundamentally different from personal management. Beer et al. (1984) defined HRM as that which maximizes organizational integration, employee commitment, flexibility and quality of work. They emphasized a need for coherence in HRM policies and role of the line managers. But it is the Harvard Model that has exerted considerable influence over the theory and practice of HRM. Harvard Model of HRM: The type of HRM policies and practices an organization prefers should be dependent upon its organizational vision, mission, strategy, Goals and objective. In quite a few cases, such HR practices shall also be devised and adopted in time with external environment of organizations. In other words, HR policies and practices are subject to influence by internal and external environment of organizations. Harvard model of HRM propounded by Michael Beer, Richard Walton, Quinn mills, P. Lawrence and Bert Spector highlighted this influence of environment on HRM is their book titled Managing human Assets published in 1984. This model also known as soft model of HRM / Harvard Map of HRM / multiple stakeholders model, argues that human resource policies are to be influenced by two

Engineering ewb research Essay Example for Free

Engineering ewb research Essay 1. Introduction The Engineers Without Borders Australia (EWB) Challenge is a program where first year University Students throughout Australia are required to select from a range of problems associated with the living conditions of a disadvantaged community within Nepal, more specifically the village of Sandikhola, a hilltop community in the Gorkha district. The students are then required to develop creative solutions to combat these problems to benefit the community through design, teamwork and proper communication. This particular research report group 9C will be focusing on Water Supply and Sanitation Systems (WASH), in particular Multiple Use Systems (MUS). MUS refers to a system where the water is used for a range of purposes, so as to minimize the amount of fresh water needed to be drawn from the source and increase the applicability of the source. This report will be outlining research conducted into the MUS including; the geography of the Gorkha district, a case study on a WASH initiative already in place in Nepal, also included in the report will be an evaluation of sources of research, and a conclusion of the report. 2. Research 2.1 Geography of the Gorkha District The Gorkha District in Nepal is located on the mid-southern area of the Terai region roughly the center of Nepal. More specifically the village of Sandikhola is located approximately 42 kilometers North East of Bharatpur, which roughly is over an hour drive each way via a dirt road which is only accessible by 44’s and is not accessible in wet conditions. The village of Sandikhola is located on the side of a hill with an elevation of 1256 meters, and is roughly divided into three different sections consisting of crops, housing and livestock. 2.1.1 Natural Resources Land is seen as the most valuable natural resource to most citizens of the Gorkha district. With over 80% of the population, 24 506 759 people, earning a livelihood from farming, which in turn produces 36.1% of GDP on a national scale. Due to water shortages and unreliability in relation to irrigation, this is not a secure resource for the people of the Gorkha district. The only problem with utilizing land to this major of a scale is that it is being overly depleted due to the accelerating growth of population, leading  to widespread destruction of ecological systems. The other resource is water, which are polluted due to lack of sanitization and the lack of the resource, other than location, is due to de-forestation and the devastating effects it has on the environment. 2.1.2 Technological Resources The Gorkha district has very limited technological resources, especially when 90% of the population live in rural areas and average earnings per family per week are below a dollar which make the affordability of technological resources impossible for poor families. Surprisingly the telephone signal throughout the district is surprisingly good although this is a under used resource due to lack of infrastructure and finances. With under 7% of the population having access to the internet communication on a global and even national scale can be highly difficult. Due to the developing nature of Nepal access to any modern technology is unviable, with it sometimes taking up to and over 6 months for any technology to reach many rural communities e.g. water testing kits. 2.1.3 Population and Income Through researching Population and Income it was found that there are over 30 million people in Nepal, with approximately 300 000 people in Gorkha. The Terai region accommodates for 50.27% of the total population, roughly 15 million people, which is the mountainous/ hilly region of Nepal which can make life very difficult for these people in particular. The average household income is less than one dollar a day with more than 40% living under the poverty line. In the Gorkha district 90% of citizens live in rural areas which goes to show the lack of urban connection further reinforcing the fact that development of technology in relation to water use will greatly affect the population in all aspects of life. 2.1.4 Natural Disasters Natural Disasters have a major effect on developing countries, especially where climate change is concerned. This is due to the high dependence on climate sensitive sectors in the Gorkha district including glaciers, agriculture and forestry, and its low financial adaptive capacity. These disasters are becoming increasingly common with the acceleration of global warming. This is due to the increased temperatures experienced compared to 1990 to 2010 where an increase of 1.9 Degrees Celsius to the average  temperature, these particular natural disasters include an increase in dry periods, floods, intense rainfall, landslides, forest fires, glacial retreats, and glacier lake outburst flood threats. The other main natural disasters common to this area are earthquakes due to the positioning of Gorkha on the meeting point of the Eurasian and Indian tectonic plates. These disasters need to be taken into account so the MUS can withstand destruction via natural disaster. 2.1.5 Climatic Conditions Shown in these two graphs (below) is the average rainfall and temperature of the Gorkha District. By studying these two graphs it can be seen that the year is divided into a wet and dry season with the temperature throughout the year remaining relatively constant with a minimum range of 3 degrees Celsius and a maximum range of 9 degrees Celsius. This research is essential to the analysis of water supply 2.1.6 Education Levels In the Gorkha district education is a work in progress with the basic literacy rate at 45% of males and only 28% of women. In the district alone there are close to 500 schools, 400 of which are public. With the help of many Non-Government Organizations, development of these schools has had an excellent effect on the education system, for example at the end of 2013 1000 computers were distributed to these schools readily making available vast amounts of educational resources to these communities. The problems associated with the education levels include the travel distance especially within rural areas, and also the lack of proper WASH resources which affects the health of the students. 2.1.7 Infrastructure In relation to the Infrastructure available to the people of Gorkha it can be noted as ineffective. This is found as roads to many of the rural areas within which the majority lives, are virtually inaccessible without a 44, as less than a quarter of roads in Nepal actually being paved/concreted. This is increasingly made challenging due to less than 1% of the population actually having access to a car. The main form of transport readily  available are the public buses, but on the other hand they are not extremely reliable with the multitude of strikes which occur, making life for the people more difficult when they have to walk for hours to get where they were going. Another major flaw is the inability for citizens to access a range of services with less than 15% of people having access to formal health care services, children having to walk on average 1-3 hours to attend school, there is also a lack of an electricity supply to majority of rural areas, lack of public sewage treatme nt in the majority of the district and in general isolation of rural areas. 2.2 Existing Solutions In the community of Sandikhola, there is a wide range of problems associated with water supply. These include the accessibility to water sources, the cleanliness/quality of water supply, the amount of water supplied, and the ability for the resource to be effectively used across domestic uses and productive uses. Currently in Sandikhola approximately 80% of WASH techniques are currently in place with there being a few sources of water; one small waterway, eight tap stands and two spring intakes but during the dry season these intakes become unavailable due to low pressure. When this occurs the community must draw water from a larger spring located further away from the village down the hill. In the case of Sandikhola at each spring intake is a reservoir tank, there are three water quality testers spread across the village, one rain monitor and two flow monitors. Also introduced to this community is the use of recycling water, such as; capturing overflows at spring intakes, Rainwater Harvesting (RWH), Ground Water Capture (GWC), fog water, and grey water systems. Through the integration of a range of these sources, systems and techniques we develop a MUS system. 2.2.1 Construction Basically the MUS is constructed via the connection of a range of single use technologies e.g. spring intake, storage tanks, tap stands. This is to reduce the amount of water requires for use by reducing waste water (sustainability), and also to make it more accessible for the villagers. For the construction many of the village members are heavily involved in construction so as to ensure the education of the MUS to the community allowing it to be properly maintained even after the EWB/NEWAH team leaves. 2.2.2 Inputs and Outputs For the implementation of the MUS there are a number of inputs required, these include; help from a third party in this case EWB and NEWAH in relation to funding, research and designing, participation from members of the Sandikhola community, materials, current technologies, and tools. For every input there is an output, in this case once construction is completed some of the outputs of the technology become evident, these including; an increase of income and benefits in relation to this including; general health, nutrition, social empowerment, food security, time savings. Diversification of Livelihood, which is the process by which the community develops a range of activities and social support capabilities in order to survive and improve their standards of living i.e. education, inter/intra-societal interaction. Increase in sustainability including, efficient water transfer from the water source for domestic and productive applications. 3. Evaluation of Sources of Information In research for this assignment, I tend to steer clear of any non-reliable or inaccurate resources. To do this books become an extremely valuable and trusted resource, and when using websites as resources I have stuck to .org websites while at the same time checking the about us section as not all .org sites are official sites. Some ways I checked the accuracy and validity of my sources of information include; analysis of the depth of coverage, determining the intended audience so it is relevant for this report, analysis of language used i.e. sophisticated to low level understanding. The dates of the information are essential for proper research, too old might be inaccurate compared to newer information. Does the source have a bibliography and the type of sources of information the author uses and an analysis of the layout and structure of the document. Through all of this analyzing we are able to determine the accurate and reliable sources of information. 4. Conclusion In conclusion, through the research of the Gorkha district and my project area the MUS, it is possible to realize the positive potential that the implementation of the MUS has on all aspects of life. This is due to water  playing a massive part in the lives of every human, and when there is a lack of sufficient resource, daily functionality is affected. 5. References ï‚ §Renwick, et.al, 2007, â€Å"Multiple Use Water Services For The Poor: Assessing the state of Knowledge,† Winrock International: Arlington, VA ï‚ §Mikhail, et.al, 2008, â€Å"Multiple-Use Water Service Implementation in Nepal and India: Experience and Lessons Scale-Up,† International Development Enterprises: Lakewood, CO ï‚ §Engineers without Borders USA 2014, EWB-USA, Denver viewed 10 March 2014, http://my.ewb-usa.org/project-resources/technical-resources. ï‚ §iDE Organization 2014, iDEORG, Colorado viewed 10 March 2014, http://www.ideorg.org/OurTechnologies/MultipleUseWaterSystems.aspx#. ï‚ §Practical Action 2014, Practical Action, Rugby viewed 12 March 2014, http://practicalaction.org/mus-2. ï‚ §Engineers Without Borders Australia 2014, Engineers Without Borders, North Melbourne viewed 12 March 2014, http://www.ewbchallenge.org/nepal-water-healthnewah/sandikhola. ï‚ §Smith, J., 2014, Personal Communication, 25th February 2014 ï‚ §United Nat ions 2014, United Nations, New York viewed 12th March 2014, http://www.un.org.np/maps/nepal-gorkha-district. ï‚ §Rural poverty portal 2012, IFAD, Vancouver viewed 12 March 2014, http://www.ruralpovertyportal.org/en/country/statistics/tags/nepal.

William Shakespeares Othello as a Victim Essay -- Papers William Shak

William Shakespeare's Othello as a Victim Not All Works Cited Included In "Othello" Shakespeare shows that Othello is victimised in many ways, for instance; his race, his culture, his social position and naÃÆ'Â ¯ve. Othello's victimisation could also show Shakespeare's meaning of the term "tragedy". In other Shakespearean tragedies the lead character is shown as cunning, ruthless and manipulative, more similar to Iago than Othello. This could represent a change in Shakespeare's opinion of a true Shakespearean tragedy. The main cause of Othello's victimisation is his race. Unlike the other characters in "Othello" he is a Moor, a natural figure of hatred and disgust. In the play he is very rarely referred to as "Othello", but more often as; "moor" or "negro", Desdemona even refers to Othello as "my noble moor" not Othello. The event where Othello is victimised due to his race are vast, for example at the start of the play when Iago is talking to Roderigo, Othello's race is a major issue, "To the gross clasps of a lascivious Moor-". Here evidence of racism is shown. There is also a case that this shows the imperial and colonial nature of Venice in the Sixteenth century. "Othello" can be seen to show the stereotypical contemporary Elizabethan belief of blackness and the barbarous nature of the "black" man as evil and devilish. Othello's race also helps to highlight his jealousy and gullibility, due to his race Othello is always subconscious of his weaknesses, his "tragic flaw". This may be a reason for why he befriends Iago, who would act as his link to the "white" world, informing Othello of the opinions white society. Othello... ...d social figures. In conclusion I feel that Othello is more "sinned against than sinning". This is not to say that he is a innocent, it most be remembered that he killed Desdemona, not Iago and that no matter how big a part Iago has it is still Othello's fault. But, Othello is victimised, he is portrayed as an "other", "if this be known to you, and your allowance". He is also presented as a savage, barbarian and a inferior, a parasite, living of the healthy Venetian state. But, this is all due to the fact that he is different, it has been noted that if you are different you will never be equal, "if you are different you will always be different" (Marx - CM 1848) and Othello's difference is no fault of his own. Works Cited: Shakespeare, William. Othello. Ed. Alfred Harbab. Middlesex, England: Penguin, 1970.